Favoriser l'adhérence thérapeutique des patients à domicile atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque en matière d'activité physique: une revue de littérature étoffée des interventions infirmières

L’insuffisance cardiaque est une maladie chronique de plus en plus répandue au sein de la population vieillissante. L’activité physique régulière est l’un des piliers du traitement grâce à ces nombreux bénéfices. Cependant, un manque d’adhérence est observé chez 50% des patients. Cette non-adhérence pourrait s’expliquer par divers facteurs, tels que : les symptômes associés à la maladie, un manque de confiance, de temps, de connaissance ou une crainte de blessure

Brood size affects maternal behaviour and chick’s social development in a precocial bird

International audienceThe size of a brood can be costly for the mother, which in turn can influence the level of her investment in each offspring. This factor can lead to a change in the development of offspring. Here we investigated the influence of brood size on maternal and chicks’ behaviour during the mothering period and on offspring development in the Japanese quail. We compared two sizes of brood: small broods of three chicks (N=9) and large broods of six chicks (N=9). We observed mothers’ and chicks’ behaviour during the mothering period and we assessed chicks’ social and emotional traits with behavioural tests. Our results show that mothers of large broods emitted more maternal vocalisations at the beginning of mothering period but, at the end, they were more negligent with their chicks than mothers of small broods. Furthermore, chicks of large brood huddled up more whereas chicks of small broods rested alone more frequently. Finally, these chicks developed a higher level of social motivation than that of small brood chicks, although their emotional reactivity levels were no different. We evidence the importance of brood size and the brood’s influence on the chicks’ interactions with their siblings which both impact on the chicks’ social development

Brood size can influence maternal behaviour and chick’s development in precocial birds

International audienceMothers have a crucial influence on offspring development. Variations of maternal behaviour can be due to numerous parameters, for instance costs are related to the size of a brood/litter, which in turn can influence the level of mothers’ investment in each offspring. Here we investigated the influence of brood size on the behaviour of Japanese quail mothers and chicks during the mothering period and on offspring development. We compared two types of broods: small broods of three chicks (N = 9) and large broods of six chicks (N = 9). Behavioural tests assessed chicks’ social and emotional traits. Mothers of large broods emitted more maternal vocalisations at the beginning of the mothering period, but at the end they assumed more non-covering postures and trampled chicks more than mothers of small broods. Chicks in large broods huddled up more whereas chicks in small broods rested alone more frequently. Moreover, the social motivation of chicks in large broods was higher than that of chicks in small broods, although their emotional reactivity levels were similar. Our results evidence the importance of brood size for maintaining family cohesion and the influence of brood size on chicks’ interactions with their siblings. We evaluated the influence of mothers and siblings on chicks’ behavioural development

La taille de la couvée influence les vocalisations maternelles et le développement social des cailleteaux

National audienceLa mère en tant que partenaire privilégiée du jeune, est un facteur primordial de son développement. Les variations du comportement maternel sont dues à de nombreux facteurs liés à l'environnement, la femelle ou bien aux jeunes eux-mêmes. Chez les mammifères, le nombre de jeunes peut augmenter la charge de la femelle et donc influencer sa fitness, modifiant son investissement maternel. Nous avons cherché ici à étudier l'influence de la taille de la couvée sur le comportement maternel et le développement des poussins chez une espèce d'oiseau nidifuge, la caille japonaise. Nous avons formé 2 lots de 10 mère-jeunes, un de petites couvées avec 3 poussins (P) et un de grandes couvées avec 6 poussins (G). Nous avons ensuite observé le comportement des mères et celui des jeunes durant les 11 jours de maternage suivant l'adoption. Puis, à travers différents tests comportementaux, nous avons établi un profil social et émotif des cailleteaux après émancipation.La taille de la couvée module les vocalisations maternelles et le type de réchauffement maternel. Elle modifie également le comportement des cailleteaux qui se réchauffent mutuellement plus à la fin du maternage lorsqu'il sont plus nombreux. Les cailleteaux de grandes couvées montrent également une plus grande motivation sociale mais pas de différence en émotivité. Ces résultats exposent l'importance de la taille de la couvée sur la cohésion du groupe familial. Nous concluons sur l'influence mutuelle de la mère et de la fratrie sur le développement des cailleteaux

Long-segment tracheal reconstruction with free radial forearm flap reinforced by rib cartilage

Long-segment tracheal reconstruction remains a challenge. The ideal tracheal substitute should be an epithelialized tube to prevent stenosis and sufficiently rigid to maintain airflow patency. An autologous technique using a radial forearm free flap reinforced by rib cartilage has been recently described for tracheal reconstruction. We report here two cases of complex tracheal reconstruction with a modification of this technique, which consists of the creation of two independent skin paddles to allow the reconstruction of the trachea and a second adjacent defect (eg, cervical skin, esophagus). Airway patency was achieved with no stenosis, prolonged stenting, fistula, or necrosis after 26 and 44 months, respectively. We suggest that the satisfactory outcome obtained with this modified technique is a valuable option for tracheal and adjacent defect reconstruction without the need for a second flap

Techniques de reconstruction mammaire et indications dans la prise en charge des femmes à haut risque

Grâce à l'évolution des connaissances oncologiques et chirurgicales, la chirurgie d'exérèse est devenue de moins en moins invasive et différentes techniques de reconstruction mammaire sont aujourd'hui proposées aux patientes : prothèse, lambeau ou transfert de graisse autologue. Le choix de la technique doit être adapté à chaque patiente, particulièrement chez les patientes jeunes à haut risque, candidates à une reconstruction bilatérale simultanée ou différée. Il est reconnu que la reconstruction mammaire permet d'améliorer significativement l'image de soi, la qualité de vie et le confort des patientes qui ont dû subir une intervention oncologique. Chaque femme, et en particulier la jeune femme à haut risque, doit avoir la possibilité d'en bénéficier et de préférence dans le même temps opératoire que le traitement oncologique (reconstruction immédiate). Afin d'offrir la reconstruction mammaire à un plus grand nombre de patientes, une collaboration multidisciplinaire entre les différents intervenants (sénologue, oncologue, chirurgien plastique) est primordiale. Elle facilite notamment l'accès de la jeune patiente à l'information indispensable concernant les possibilités et options de reconstruction

History of the oceanic carbonate cycle based on calcareous nannofossil absolute abundance and flux in the past 190 Myr

International audienceCalcareous nannoplankton is the main pelagic carbonate producer representing half of the deep oceans calcium carbonate. Thus it is a main actor in the modern carbonate cycle. Nowadays, the oceanic carbonate cycle is considered to rely extensively on pelagic production (Cretan ocean in Zeebe and Westbroek, 2003). Calcareous nannofossils firstly appeared at the end of the Triassic and prior to this major oceanic event, carbonate production was restricted on epicontinental platforms (Neritan ocean in Zeebe and Westbroek, 2003). The transition from a neritic-supported to a pelagic-supported oceanic carbonate production is related to the evolution of calcareous nannofossils. Unfortunately, this transition is poorly constrained in time influencing the comprehensive mechanisms at its origin. Here we present a compilation of calcareous nannofossil absolute abundances and fluxes from the Early Jurassic (~190 Ma) to the end of the Pleistocene (~0.12 Ma). Absolute abundance quantification has been made using random settling methods and sedimentation rates are based on cyclostratigraphy or biostratigraphy based on Gradstein et al. (2012).The absolute abundance and flux records show an increase from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous followed by a plateau, interrupted by short time decrease until the Pleistocene. Apparently, the transition from Neritan to Cretan oceans was a slow transitional event all along the Jurassic whereas an effective pelagic production only started in the Early Cretaceous. The evolution of the calcareous nannofossil production in the Meso-Cenozoïc interval is a complex interplay between nannofossil evolution and environmental conditions such as sea level, temperature, nutrients concentration and ocean chemistry. Nevertheless, on a long-term perspective, there is an intriguing opposite relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and calcareous nannofossil fluxes that need to be further explored

History of the oceanic carbonate cycle based on calcareous nannofossil absolute abundance and flux in the past 190 Myr

International audienceCalcareous nannoplankton is the main pelagic carbonate producer representing half of the deep oceans calcium carbonate. Thus it is a main actor in the modern carbonate cycle. Nowadays, the oceanic carbonate cycle is considered to rely extensively on pelagic production (Cretan ocean in Zeebe and Westbroek, 2003). Calcareous nannofossils firstly appeared at the end of the Triassic and prior to this major oceanic event, carbonate production was restricted on epicontinental platforms (Neritan ocean in Zeebe and Westbroek, 2003). The transition from a neritic-supported to a pelagic-supported oceanic carbonate production is related to the evolution of calcareous nannofossils. Unfortunately, this transition is poorly constrained in time influencing the comprehensive mechanisms at its origin. Here we present a compilation of calcareous nannofossil absolute abundances and fluxes from the Early Jurassic (~190 Ma) to the end of the Pleistocene (~0.12 Ma). Absolute abundance quantification has been made using random settling methods and sedimentation rates are based on cyclostratigraphy or biostratigraphy based on Gradstein et al. (2012).The absolute abundance and flux records show an increase from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous followed by a plateau, interrupted by short time decrease until the Pleistocene. Apparently, the transition from Neritan to Cretan oceans was a slow transitional event all along the Jurassic whereas an effective pelagic production only started in the Early Cretaceous. The evolution of the calcareous nannofossil production in the Meso-Cenozoïc interval is a complex interplay between nannofossil evolution and environmental conditions such as sea level, temperature, nutrients concentration and ocean chemistry. Nevertheless, on a long-term perspective, there is an intriguing opposite relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and calcareous nannofossil fluxes that need to be further explored

History of the oceanic carbonate cycle based on calcareous nannofossil absolute abundance and flux in the past 190 Myr

International audienceCalcareous nannoplankton is the main pelagic carbonate producer representing half of the deep oceans calcium carbonate. Thus it is a main actor in the modern carbonate cycle. Nowadays, the oceanic carbonate cycle is considered to rely extensively on pelagic production (Cretan ocean in Zeebe and Westbroek, 2003). Calcareous nannofossils firstly appeared at the end of the Triassic and prior to this major oceanic event, carbonate production was restricted on epicontinental platforms (Neritan ocean in Zeebe and Westbroek, 2003). The transition from a neritic-supported to a pelagic-supported oceanic carbonate production is related to the evolution of calcareous nannofossils. Unfortunately, this transition is poorly constrained in time influencing the comprehensive mechanisms at its origin. Here we present a compilation of calcareous nannofossil absolute abundances and fluxes from the Early Jurassic (~190 Ma) to the end of the Pleistocene (~0.12 Ma). Absolute abundance quantification has been made using random settling methods and sedimentation rates are based on cyclostratigraphy or biostratigraphy based on Gradstein et al. (2012).The absolute abundance and flux records show an increase from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous followed by a plateau, interrupted by short time decrease until the Pleistocene. Apparently, the transition from Neritan to Cretan oceans was a slow transitional event all along the Jurassic whereas an effective pelagic production only started in the Early Cretaceous. The evolution of the calcareous nannofossil production in the Meso-Cenozoïc interval is a complex interplay between nannofossil evolution and environmental conditions such as sea level, temperature, nutrients concentration and ocean chemistry. Nevertheless, on a long-term perspective, there is an intriguing opposite relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and calcareous nannofossil fluxes that need to be further explored